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Aaron Montgomery Ward established the first significant mail-order business in 1872, with Sears, Roebuck & Company following in 1886.

Those far from chain stores could benefit from the newly developed business of mail-order catalogs, placing orders by telephone. Frank Baum, of Wizard of Oz fame, later founded the National Association of Window Trimmers in 1898, and began publishing The Store Window journal to advise businesses on space usage and promotion.Įven families in rural America had new opportunities to purchase a greater variety of products than ever before, at ever decreasing prices. Industrial advancements contributed to this proliferation, as new construction techniques permitted the building of stores with higher ceilings for larger displays, and the production of larger sheets of plate glass lent themselves to the development of larger store windows, glass countertops, and display cases where shoppers could observe a variety of goods at a glance. Chain stores, like A&P and Woolworth’s, both of which opened in the 1870s, offered options to those who lived farther from major urban areas and clearly catered to classes other than the wealthy elite. Gone were the days where the small general store was the only option for shoppers at the end of the nineteenth century, people could take a train to the city and shop in large department stores like Macy’s in New York, Gimbel’s in Philadelphia, and Marshall Fields in Chicago. The rise of big business had turned America into a culture of consumers desperate for time-saving and leisure commodities, where people could expect to find everything they wanted in shops or by mail order. Building Industrial America on the Backs of Laborĭespite the challenges workers faced in their new roles as wage earners, the rise of industry in the United States allowed people to access and consume goods as never before.Presidents of the United States of America.The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century.From Cold War to Culture Wars, 1980-2000.Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980.Contesting Futures: America in the 1960s.Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960.Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945.Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941.Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The Great Depression, 1929-1932.The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929.Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914.Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920.The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900.Go West Young Man! Westward Expansion, 1840-1900.Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 1820–1860.Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 1800–1860.A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 1800–1860.Industrial Transformation in the North, 1800–1850.Growing Pains: The New Republic, 1790–1820.Creating Republican Governments, 1776–1790.America's War for Independence, 1775-1783.Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774.Rule Britannia! The English Empire, 1660–1763.Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500–1700.Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650.The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492.Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900.